CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You are a medical student currently rotating in the emergency department. A consultant has given you a task to take a history from Joseph Rucinski, a 48-year-old man who has come in with a fever.

  1. Please take a complate history from the patient.

  2. At 7 minutes, the examiner will stop you to ask you some questions.

2 Minutes Reading Time

10 Minutes Station Time

Total 12 Minutes

EXAMINER INSTRUCTIONS

Timing Instructions: At 7 minutes, stop the candidate and ask the following questions:

Question 1: What are your differential diagnoses?

Answer 1: 

  • Brain Abscess

  • Sinusitis

  • Encephalitis

  • Meningitis

  • Seizures

  • Migraine

Question 2: What is the most likely diagnosis? 

Answer 2: Brain/Intracranial Abscess

Question 3: How would you manage this patient?

Answer 3: 

  1. Admit the patient

  2. Obtain patient’s vitals

  3. Bloods: FBC, U&E, CRP, G&S, coagulation screen and Crossmatch, Blood Cultures

  4. Consider a CT scan or MRI scan of the head

  5. Neurosurgical input

  • Brain Abscess

PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

  • Name: Joseph Rucinski

    Age: 48 Years Old

    Date of Birth: 5th February 1976

    Location: Accident and Emergency Department

    Occupation: Accountant

  • “I have been experiencing a persistent fever over the past few days, and now I am experiencing new symptoms as well. I thought I should get this checked out”

  • Fever

    • Onset: 4 days ago

    • Temperature measured at home was about 38.7 degrees

    • Fever comes down at times, with no particular pattern

    • Each episode of fever varies, cannot put a finger to how long they last


    Headache

    • Site: On the right side of my head.

    • Onset: Started last night.

    • Character:  Dull ache.

    • Radiation: Localised.

    • Associated Symptoms: Nausea, vomited once last night, had a fit this morning at work. Fit stopped after 1 minute. No injuries sustained during fit. 

    • Time: Has not gone away since it started.

    • Exacerbating and Alleviating Factors: Cannot think of anything that has made things worse or better.

    • Severity: Pain rated 6/10.

    • Precipitating Factors : Cannot think of anything that may have triggered these symptoms

    • Recent illness: Bad sinus which started a week ago and has not been getting any better.

    • Recent head trauma: None

    • Recent travel: None

    • Ideas: “I think my sinusitis is causing all these problems.”

    • Expectations: “Can I have some antibiotics? I read online that antibiotics may help if sinus problems persist – not sure if that’s true?”

    • Concerns: “I just hope it’s nothing sinister, not too worried otherwise.”

    • Bowel habits: Normal

    • Urinary habits: Normal

    • Appetite: Decreased ever since all these symptoms started

    • Sleep: Poor ever since these symptoms started

    • Weight: Lost about 3kg in the last 3 months. I lost weight as I have been training for an upcoming marathon. 

    • ENT: Ear feels a little stuffy, I think it’s probably due to my sinus problems.

    • Cardiology: Heart feels like it is racing a little. No chest pain

    • Ophthalmology: No changes to vision.

    • Previous hospital admissions: None

    • Previous surgeries: None

    • Medical conditions:

      • Asthma

    • Medications:

      • Blue inhaler for asthma relief

      • Brown inhaler for asthma prevention

    • Over the counters:

      • Vitamin C supplements

    • Allergies:

      • Penicillin (gets an itchy rash)

  • Mother has type 2 diabetes. The rest of my family is well.

    • Smoking: 3 cigarettes a day for the past 20 years. 

    • Alcohol: Only on weekends. Amount varies but typically about three pints of beer on each day of the weekend. 

    • Recreational drugs: Never

    • Ill contacts: No one around me were ill recently

    • Pets: None at home

    • Home: Lives alone in a 2nd floor apartment flat.

    • Active Daily Living: Good mobility and able to perform daily functions normally.

MARK SCHEME

Introduction


Ideas, Expectations & Concerns


Presenting Complaint


History of Presenting Complaint


Explores patient’s headache i.e. SOCRATES

Systems Review & Other Information


Past Medical History


Drug History


Family History


Social History


Questions


Patient Scores


Enter Your Score Here: /45

SCORE GUIDE

High Pass: > 36

Pass: > 27

Borderline Pass: 23 – 27

Fail: < 23

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