CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You are the resident year 1 doctor covering the surgical ward out of hours. You get a phone call from a nurse from one of the orthopaedic wards being concerned about Ben Davies, a 68 year old man complaining of left leg swelling. She also says the patient is in a lot of pain and wants you to assess the patient as soon as possible. 

The patient’s notes and observations are available if you need them.

  1. Take a focused history

  2. At 8 minutes you will be stopped by the examiner to ask some questions

2 Minutes Reading Time

10 Minutes Station Time

Total 12 Minutes

EXAMINER INSTRUCTIONS

Timing Instructions:

  1. When the station time begins, please offer the candidate the following details:


    Name: Ben Davies

    Age: 68

    Admitted after a road traffic accident today with a tibial fracture for conservative management. He had a cast put on couple of hours ago by the SHO on the ward.

    Observations

    NEWS 2

    SpO2 96% on air

    RR 18

    BP 138/64 HR130

    O/E: Left leg looks swollen under cast with sides. He is in a lot of pain especially when you try to move his leg. Right leg looks completely normal.

  2. At 8 minutes, stop the candidate and ask the following questions:

Question 1: Name the most likely diagnosis.

Answer 1: Compartment syndrome

Question 2: What are the acute presentations of compartment syndrome (Name 2)?

Answer 2: Pain, paresthesia, pale, pressure, paralysis

Question 3: How to manage compartment syndrome?

Answer 3:

  • Escalate to orthopaedics registrar

  • Removing any external bandage or dressings

  • Elevating the leg

  • Emergency fasciotomy

  • Acute Compartment Syndrome of the LEFT Leg

PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

  • Name: Ben Davies

    Age: 68 years old

    Date of Birth: 20th November 1956

    Occupation: Retired salesman

  • "I am in so much pain in my left leg and its all swollen up as well, I can barely move it!"

    • Site: My left lower leg

    • Onset: Only around 30 minutes ago

    • Character: It’s very painful, worse than when I first came in with the fracture. It now looks like its swollen as well which it wasn’t

    • Radiation: Just all around the left lower leg

    • Assoc Sx: I can’t move my leg at all because of the pain. If asked specifically - No numbness or tingling. Looks quite red.

    • Timing: It’s just happened over the last half hour

    • Exacerbating Factors: Trying to move it

    • Relieving Factors: The nurses gave me some morphine which didn’t touch the pain

    • Pain Scale: It’s a 10/10 now

    • Recent illness: None.

    • Recent trauma: Just the car accident I came in with, they said I broke my tibia.

    • Recent travel: None.

    • Previous episodes: Never experienced this before.

    • Ideas: "I dont know what it is but the pain is really bad”

    • Expectations: “What’s going on?"

    • Concerns: “Something is definitely wrong, I wasn’t even in this much pain when I broke my bones."

    • Bowel habits: Nil

    • Urinary habits: Nil

    • Appetite: Same as usual.

    • Sleep: Same as usual

    • Weight: No change 

    • Pain in the chest/abdomen: None

    • Headaches: None

    • Fever: None

  • Previous hospital admissions: None

    Previous surgeries: None

    Medical conditions: T2DM, COPD, obesity, Hypertension, prev ischaemic heart disease

    Medications:

    • Amlodipine, ramipril, bisoprolol, metformin, aspirin

    Allergies:

    • None.

  • Nothing really

    • Smoking: Current smoker, about 15 per day

    • Alcohol: Couple of beers on the weekends

    • Recreational drugs: Never

    • Diet: Usually microwaveble food

    • Exercise: Not really

    • Ill contacts: No one around me was recently ill

    • Home: Lives alone in flat

    • Active Daily Living: Family and neighbours come in to help. I do shopping online

    • Occupation: Retired hotel receptionist

MARK SCHEME

Introduction


Ideas, Expectations & Concerns


Presenting Complaint


History of Presenting Complaint


Systems Review


Past Medical History


Drug History


Family History


Social History


Questions


Patient Scores


Enter Your Score Here: /47

SCORE GUIDE

High Pass: > 38

Pass: > 28

Borderline Pass: 23 - 28

Fail: < 23

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