CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS
You are a medical student currently in general practice placement. You are about to see a patient who has presented to the surgery for funny turns.
Please take a full history from Alexander Patek, a 38-year-old man.
At 7 minutes, the examiner will stop you to ask you some questions.
2 Minutes Reading Time
10 Minutes Station Time
Total 12 Minutes
EXAMINER INSTRUCTIONS
Timing Instructions: At 7 minutes, stop the candidate and ask the following questions:
Question 1: What are your differential diagnoses?
Answer 1:
Epilepsy
Syncope
Migraine
Intracranial space-occupying lesion i.e. brain tumour
Cataplexy
Question 2: What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer 2: Epilepsy (Tonic-Clonic Seizures)
Question 3: What are the types of seizures?
Answer 3:
Generalized Tonic-clonic seizures
Absence seizures
Focal aware seizures (Simple partial seizures)
Focal impaired awareness seizures (Complex partial seizures)
Atonic seizures
Tonic seizures
Myoclonic seizures
Gelastic seizures
Febrile seizures
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Epilepsy
PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS
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Name: Alexander Patek
Age: 38 Years Old
Date of Birth: 9th June 1986
Location: General Practice
Occupation: Manager
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“I have been having some funny turns lately. My wife was really worried about it and insisted I come and see a doctor.”
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Onset: First episode of funny turns started 2 days ago. Happened out of nowhere.
Progression: It happened once when it first started, then yesterday I had one more in the evening. I have not had any today.
Character:
Before:
Can’t seem to think of anything that precipitated the funny turn, though does feel more stressed recently due to work
Gets this rising feeling which is strange and difficult to describe
No visual or audio changes before each episode
During:
Lost consciousness during an episode of funny turn
Wife witnessed first episode – She noted that my hands and legs went stiff as a board then started shaking uncontrollably. I also went a little pale.
Son noted the second episode – He described it to be the same as the first episode.
The first episode lasted two minutes, second episode lasted three minutes.
Did not lose bowel or bladder control
I bit my tongue during the second episode and had a little bleed, but now not bleeding anymore
After:
I had a headache after each episode
I also felt tired and drowsy, with zero recollection of what happened
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Precipitating Factors : Cannot think of anything that may have triggered these symptoms.
Recent illness: None.
Recent head trauma: None.
Recent travel: None.
Previous episodes: These two episodes were the first episodes that I have ever experienced.
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Ideas: “I have got no clue. I think it’s because of the stress from work. I should be fine to get back to work, right?”
Expectations: “I expect you to say this is something that will go away on its own and I can go back home.”
Concerns: “I am not worried about anything at all!”
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Bowel habits: Normal
Urinary habits: Normal
Appetite: Same as usual.
Sleep: Poor sleep for the past few months due to stress from work.
Weight: No change
Pain in the chest/abdomen: None
Fever: None
ENT: Normal
Cardiology: Normal
Respiratory: Normal
Ophthalmology: No visual changes
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Previous hospital admissions: None
Previous surgeries: Resection of a benign skin tumour 2 years ago.
Medical conditions:
Asthma since childhood.
Hypertension started last year. “I attend all my follow up appointments and take all my medications timely.”
Medications:
Ramipril for hypertension.
Blue inhaler. “I rarely get asthma attacks now but when I do, I just take a puff of my blue inhaler, and all is good.”
Over the counters:
None
Allergies:
None
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Father has high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. Mother had breast cancer. Mother is now well after successful surgical treatment for breast cancer. Older brother is diabetic.
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Smoking: Never
Alcohol: “A few pints of beer each day, I never really keep track.”
Recreational drugs: Never
Diet: My wife cooks so I eat homecooked meals.
Exercise: Maybe the occasional runs at the park every now and then.
Ill contacts: No one around me were ill recently
Home: Lives with wife and son.
Active Daily Living: Good mobility and able to perform daily functions normally.
MARK SCHEME
Introduction
Ideas, Expectations & Concerns
Presenting Complaint
History of Presenting Complaint
Asked about what happened DURING each seizure episode
Asked about what happened AFTER each seizure episode
Systems Review & Other Information
Past Medical History
Drug History
Family History
Social History
Questions
Patient Scores
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Enter Your Score Here: /48
SCORE GUIDE
High Pass: > 39
Pass: > 29
Borderline Pass: 24 – 29
Fail: < 24
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