CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS

You are an FY2 working in the Emergency Department. Mrs Ellie Smith, a 78 year old woman presents with worsening pain in her left hip and reduced mobility.

  1. Take a focused history and explore Mrs Smith’s social circumstances

  2. At 8 minutes, the examiner will stop you to ask some questions

2 Minutes Reading Time

10 Minutes Station Time

Total 12 Minutes

EXAMINER INSTRUCTIONS

Timing Instructions: At 8 minutes, stop the candidate and ask the following questions:

Question 1: Name 3 differential diagnosis

Answer 1
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Femoral neck fracture
  • Muscle Injury
  • Bursitis/ tendonitis
  • Osteonecrosis of hip

Question 2: Which sites of the body are most commonly affected in OA?

Answer 2:
  • Hands
  • Knees
  • Hips
  • Lower back

Question 3: Name 3 X-Ray features of osteoarthritis

Answer3: 
  • Joint space narrowing
  • Subchondral sclerosis
  • Subchondral cysts
  • Osteophyte formation

Question 4: What would be the management?

Answer 4: 
  • Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
  • Pain relief and NSAIDS
  • Surgical option (total hip replacement) is most definitive treatment
  • Osteoarthritis

PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

  • Name: Ellie Smith

    Age: 78 years old

    Date of Birth: 25th September 1946

    Location: Emergency Department

    Occupation: Retired Teacher

  • "My left hip has been giving me trouble for the last 6 months and seems to be getting worse."

    • Site: Left hip

    • Onset: Started about 4 months ago

    • Character: Not sure how to describe it but it's a constant pain. Joints feel a bit stiff as well.

    • Radiation: No

    • Assoc Sx: Knee was a bit stiff last weekend but that was after 2 hours of gardening so you doubt it's related

    • Timing: You think it's worse at the start of the day and eases off as you get moving

    • Exacerbating Factors: Nothing really, but it's worse first thing in the morning

    • Relieving Factors: Weirdly enough it goes away when you start working

    • Pain Scale: Maybe a 6/10 in the morning but the stiff ness is worse

    • Came on suddenly one day, nothing I can remember brought it on. Its gotten worse since. I've tried paracetamol and applying some brufen gel which did not help much

    • Recent illness: None.

    • Recent trauma: None. 

    • Recent travel: None.

    • Previous episodes: Never experienced this before.

    • Ideas: "Is it just old age?"

    • Expectations: "Could I get something stronger for the pain?"

    • Concerns: “It can get quite painful. Could it be something more serious?"

    • Bowel habits: Nil

    • Urinary habits: Nil

    • Appetite: Same as usual.

    • Sleep: Same as usual

    • Weight: No change 

    • Pain in the chest/abdomen: None

    • Headaches: None

    • Fever: None

    • Cardiology: Normal

    • Respiratory: Normal

    • Upper limb neurology: Normal, no numbness or tingling.

    • Lower limb neurology: Just the pain in the hip, the leg might be weaker because of the pain as well

  • Previous hospital admissions: Just when I delivered my children

    Previous surgeries: 1x Caesarean

    Medical conditions:

    • I have hypertension, but I take my medications and is usually very well controlled.

    Medications:

    • Paracetamol and ibuprofen gel

    Allergies:

    • None.

  • None

    • Smoking: Never smoked

    • Alcohol: Couple glasses of wine on the weekend

    • Recreational drugs: Never

    • Diet: I usually do the cookiny myself

    • Exercise: I try to go for walks everyday with my husband

    • Ill contacts: No one around me was recently ill

    • Home: Lives with husband in a two storey flat, main carer for husband with dementia

    • Active Daily Living: Independent with all ADLs , up until recently. Now really struggles with even basic household chores and unable to care for husband.

    • Home Situation: Barely managing to get up and down the stairs. Worries will not be able to care for husband, not keen on care home for him.

    • Question for student: Do you think it will get worse? I will need to make preparations for my husband and maybe think of moving into a smaller flat.

    • Occupation: Retired school teacher

MARK SCHEME

Introduction


Ideas, Expectations & Concerns


Presenting Complaint


History of Presenting Complaint


Systems Review


Past Medical History


Drug History


Family History


Social History


Questions


Patient Scores


Enter Your Score Here: /52

SCORE GUIDE

High Pass: > 42

Pass: > 31

Borderline Pass: 26 - 31

Fail: < 26

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